A short History of the development of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology, site Index

Dr. Joseph Woo

[ Site Index ] [ Part 1 ] Part 2 ] [ Part 3 ]

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[The asterisk (*) indicates an external link]:

Early developments in ultrasonics

• Main page Part 1
• Pierre Curie
• Lord Rayleigh
• The Piezo-electric effect *
• Gabriel Lippman *
• Research and development in Piezo-electricity *
• Reginald A Fessenden *
• detection of German submarines
• Paul Langévin
• The hydrophone
• Gabriel Lippman *
• Alexander Belm *
• Radar *
• ENIAC *
• Transister development
• Sergei Y Sokolov, metal flaw detection
• Early pioneers in non-destructive testing
• supersonic reflectoscope
• Krautkramer metal flaw detector
• commercial productions
• Lars Leksell
• Inge Edler and Carl Hellmuth Hertz
• History of medical ultrasonics in Japan
• Summary of early development in ultrasonics
• Ultrasound used in Therapy
• William Fry
• Hyperphonography of the Brain, history of Karl Dussik
• History of George D. Ludwig
• Theodor Hueter

Short histories of the developement of medical ultrasonics in pioneering countries

• Austria, see main text  Part 1, Karl Dussik, History of Kretztechnik and Alfred Kratochwil.
• Australia, see main text  Part 1, the CAL echoscope.
• Belgium, see Salvator Levi.
• China
  • Front of the preliminary report published in 1960
  • Front of the article "The use of pulsed ultrasound in clinical diagnosis
  • Early B-mode equipment and scan
  • M-mode echocardiography
  • Diagnosis of Hydatidiform mole with A-mode ultrasound

• Denmark
• Finland
• France, Ultrasonoscopie
• Germany, see main text  Part 1 and Part 2, History at Siemens, Heinrich Netheler, Theodor Hueter, Manfred Hansmann, Richard Soldner, B-Joachim Hackelöer and Eberhard Merz, 40 Years of Realtime-Ultrasound Diagnostics.
• Italy (in preparation).
• Japan, see main text  Part 1, and Japan developments, Early brain scans, Hisaya Takeuchi .
• Poland.
• Soviet Union (USSR).
• Sweden
• United Kingdom, see main text Part 1, and Ian Donald, Development of ultrasonic scanning techniques in Scotland 1956-1979 by Tom Brown, the Lancet paper, the Mk4 metal flaw detector and Sunden's machine, John Fleming.
• United States of America, see main text  Part 1 and Part 2, History of Karl Dussik, History of George Ludwig, Early experiments at M I T, John Wild, Douglass Howry, Joseph Holmes, Gerald Posakony notes, Daily Times-Call Report, Wright and Meyerdirk, first articulated arm prototype, LIFE Magazine report, Pittsburg First conference, Lajos von Micsky's equipment, The Picker scanners, Donald Baker.

Biographies and mentions The list only contains names in whom a separate biography is available. Names of many other persons are mentioned in the text but are not listed here. Please check the main pages for their contributions, or use the [Find] function in the [Edit] menu to locate them.

"No great man lives in vain. The history of the world is but the biography of great men." ---- Thomas Carlyle, historian.

Lindsey Allan Bjorn Angelsen Kazunori Baba Donald Baker Joan Baker * H Thomas Ballantine Jens Bang Frank Barber Gilbert Baum * Alexander Belm * Beryl Benacerraf * Jason Birnholz * Harm Gerd Blass * Richard Bolt * Nicolass Bom Tom Brown Peter Callen * Stuart Campbell Jean-Daniel Colladon* Joshua Copel * Carl kretz Fong-Ming Chang * James Crane * Pierre Curie Lachlan de Crespigny Paul DePriest's * Russell Deter Greggory Devore * Ian Donald Karl Dussik Inge Edler Sturla Eik-nes Wilfried Feichtinger * Reginald Fessenden * Arthur Fleischer * John Fleming Roy Filly * William Fry Norbert Gleicher * Mitchell Golbus Barry Goldberg Hélène Grandjean * B Joachim Hackelöer Manfred Hansmann Michael Harrison * Carl Hellmuth Hertz Christopher Hill John Hobbins Hans Hollander Hans Henrik Holm Joseph Holmes Wolfgang Holzgreve Douglass Howry Theodor Hueter William Huges * Kazuhiro Iinuma Phillipe Jeanty * Pentti Jouppila * Ziro Kaneko Peter Kemeter * Charles Kleinman *

George Kossoff * Alfred Kratochwil Frederick Kremkau * Carl Kretz Asim kurjak Alfred Kurtz Paul Langévin George Leopold Susan Lenz * Salvator Levi Gabriel Lippman * Alfred Lee Loomis * George Ludwig Albert Macovski * Frank Manning Karel Marsal * Marty Wilcox Samuel Maslak Val Mayneord * William McCallum W N McDicken * Hyton Meire * Eberhard Merz Ralph Meyerdirk Patricia Morley Thomas Nelson * Heinrich Netheler Kpyros Nicolaides William O'Brien Jr. * Lawrence Platt * Gerry Posakony Leandre Pourcelot Dolores Pretorius * Olaf von Ramm * Lord Rayleigh Kathryn Reed * John Reid Hugh Robinson Roberto Romero Roger Sanders * Rudy Sabbagha * Shigeo Satomura Stephen Smith * Richard Soldner Lazzaro Spallanzani D Eugene Strandness Hisaya Takeuchi Kenneth Taylor Horace Thompson Ilan E. Timor-Tritsch * Rokuro Uchida Toshio Wagai John Wild juiry Wladimirroff Xin Fang Wang Nick Wald * Peter NT Wells Martin H Wilcox James Willocks Robert Watson-Watt * Marvin Ziskin

Gray scale and scan converter

• Main page Part 2
• Black-on-white display
• PDP-11

The Real-time Scanner

• Main page Part 2
• A short history of the Real-time scanner
• PDP-11
• the Vidoson®
• Pictures of some early scanners
• KretzTecknik®
• Toshiba SSL-51H
• KretzTechnik Combison 100 *
• demonstrating large probe of early linear arrays
• sequential electronic switching in linear arrays
• Early ophthalmologic application *
• Nicolaas Bom
• Multiscan system, Organon Teknika®
• First prototype linear array scanner, Aloka®
• First commercial linear array scanner, Aloka®
• Toshiba SSL-53H
• Linear array 'focusing' techniques
• Early ADR scanner
• Martin H Wilcox
• ADR 2130
• Toshiba SAL-10A
• Kazuhiro Iinuma, Toshiba
• Aloka SSD-202
• Aloka SSD-203
• Aloka SSD-256
• Sono R
• GE Dataline
• Chronology of early Japanese real-time scanners
• Phased-array transducer
• Olaf von Ramm *
• Albert Macovski *
• Macovski's patent
• Samuel Maslak
• Acuson Corporation
• A brief history of Ultrasound Beamforming *
• Manufacturers of ultrasound equipments
• The Convex transducer
• Toshiba SAL-77A
• Toshiba SAL-90A
• Kontron Sigma 20
• Transition to real-time
• Different real-time models
• MiniVisor® from Organon Teknika®
• Bion PSI-4000
• Shimasonic SDL-30
• Computed sonography platform
• Acuson 128
• Different scanner categories
• Improvement in scanner technology in the 1990s- main page part 3

The Transvaginal Scanner

• Main page Part 2
• Alfred Kratochwil
• World's first commercial real-time mechanical vaginal sector scanner
• Wilfried Feichtinger *
• Peter Kemeter *
• Philips® SDR 1550
• B-Joachim Hackelöer
• General Electric RT3200

Early Doppler ultrasound

• Main page Part 2
• Development of doppler ultrasound in japan.
• Christian Andreas Doppler
• Ultrasonic doppler techniques
• Shigeo Satomura
• Yasuhara Nimura
• Ziro Kaneko
• directional flow-meter from Ziro kaneko and Kanemasa Kato
• Donald Baker
• D Eugene Strandness
• John Reid
• Frank Barber
• The SKI® Doptone
• ATL®
• Peter NT Wells
• pulsed-doppler instruments
• Bjørn A. Angelsen
• Doppler flowmetry
• First fetal doppler waveforms in Japan from Takemura and Ashitaka
• Fast Fourier transformations
• Sturla Eik-Nes
• Karel Marsal *
• waveform ratios
• 2D color flow imaging
• Aloka's first color doppler, SSD-880
• real-time color flow imaging *
• autocorrelation technique
• Pictures - Quantum Medical Systems first scanner
• Quantum Medical Systems - design of first color scanner
• ATL UltraMark 9

Applications

• Main page Part 2
• Main page Part 3
• The A-scan
• Early Cephalometry
• Placental Localization
• Fetal Crown-rump Length
• An improved method of fetal cephalometry by ultrasound
• Historical aspects of BPD measurements
• Historical aspects of fetal trunk circumference measurements
• Fetal biometry - Main page Part 3
• Fetal malformations - Main page Part 3
• 9 cases of 'hydrops fetus universalis' diagnosed with the Vidoson in 1968
• A fetus with polycystic kidneys reported by William Garrett using the CAL echoscope in 1970
• Diagnosis of a 17 weeks anencephaly by Stuart Campbell in 1972
• Gynecological applications - Main page Part 3
• Fetal senses *
• Doppler and color doppler applications - Main page Part 3
• Artificial reproductive and Invasive gynecological procedures - Main page Part 3
• Screening programs - Main page Part 3
  • Alfa-feto protein
  • Routine scans
  • Nuchal translucency
  • Multiple biochemical parameters in the low-risk population *
  • Indirect ultrasonic markers in chromosomal anomalies *
  • Transvaginal applications in fetal diagnosis and gynecology - Main page Part 3

Amniocentesis

• Main page Part 2
• A short history of Amniocentesis, fetoscopy and chorionic villus sampling l
• Needle guide adapters

Three dimensional ultrasound

• Main page Part 3
• 3-D ultrasound page
• Tom Brown's Multiplanar scanner
• Kazunori Baba
• ALOKA® *
• Baba's Real-time processable 3-D
• Baba's early 3-D setup
• Combison 330 *
• Olaf von Ramm *
• Stephen Smith *
• Sturla Eik-Nes
• Wilfried Feichtinger *
• 2nd generation 3-D scanner, the Voluson 530D *
• Alfred Kratochwil
• Thomas Nelson *
• Dolores Pretorius *
• 3-D development from Donal Downey and Aaron Fenster *
• Medical Imaging group at the University College Hospital in London *
• constrained free-hand adapters
• motion-sensing system.
• Bernard Benoit *
• Bernard Benoit's early 3-D images
• twenty important 3-D centers *
• Tom-Tec Imaging Systems® *
• 3D-EchoTech® *
• 3D Focus group *
• maternal-fetal bonding *
• Asim Kurjak
• Stuart Campbell
• mothers bond to their babies through 3-D
• Harm-Gerd Blaas *
• Blass' 3-D studies of embryos *
• Fong-Ming Chang *
• bicornuate uterus
• tumor angiogenesis *
• cost-effectiveness for 3-D *

Tissue characterization

• Main page Part 2

Bio-safety

• Studies on bio-safety
• AIUM statement in 1982 *
• WFUMB *
• EFSUMB *
• Assessing the Risks for Modern Diagnostic Ultrasound Imaging" by William O'Brien, Jr *
• International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology *

Others

• Ultrasound used in therapy
• The UI Octoson - Main page Part 1
• Gray scale and Scan converter - Main page Part 2 The Porta-arm scanning gantry
• Society of Diagnostic Medical Sonographers *
• American Registry of Diagnostic Medical Sonographers *
• Polaroid® films *
• Polaroid Type 611

  
  

  
  

  
  

  
  

  
  

  
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